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63. What is Factory Pattern?

The Factory Pattern is a creational design pattern that provides an interface for creating objects in a super-class, but allows subclasses to alter the type of objects that will be created. Rather than specifying the exact class of object that will be created, a factory method returns an instance of the appropriate subclass, based on the parameters that are passed to it.

This pattern is useful when we have a super-class and multiple sub-classes, and we want to create objects of the sub-classes without knowing the specific class of object to be created. It separates the construction of objects from their use, so that objects can be easily substituted and extended without breaking the code.

In JavaScript, the Factory Pattern can be implemented using object literals or constructor functions, and it can be used for creating different types of objects such as simple objects, complex objects, or objects with methods.