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8. difference between `==` and `===`

== is a loose equality comparison operator in JavaScript. It means that it will compare two values after doing type coercion if necessary. For example, 5 == "5" would return true because the string "5" is coerced to the number 5.

On the other hand, === is a strict equality comparison operator in JavaScript. It means that it will compare two values without doing type coercion. So, 5 === "5" would return false because the values have different types.

In summary, == compares values after doing type conversion if necessary, while === compares values without doing any type conversion.